By granting autonomy to the provinces of the Sahara, the Sovereign made the History

When S.M. King Mohammed VI revealed, last spring, its new political project for the Sahara, the objective was as ambitious as clearly. It was a question of finding a solution final with a problem which has weighed for thirty years on the whole of the Maghreb. The Sovereign thus proposed with the provinces South to profit from an autonomy widened within the framework of national sovereignty. This regionalization will make it possible Sahraouis democratically to manage themselves their local businesses. It is guaranteed by the Constitution and is placed under the protection of the courses constitutional. The various constitutional revisions testify to the will to ensure a complementarity between the local democracy and the democracy such as it is applied to the national scale. Decentralization thus takes all its significance as a mode of decision and form of expression of the capacity. This vision had already been expressed in the historical speech of regretted Souverain fire S.M. Hassan II, when in October 1984, it had preached in Fès the German federal model which is decentralized with the profit of the “Lands”. The autonomy whose the provinces will profit from the south constitutes a democratic projection insofar as the citizens are in load of their own local, provincial and regional businesses. It will make it possible to continue, with even more effectiveness, the development of the Moroccan Sahara. Since their recovery in 1975, the provinces of the South indeed experienced a constant development. This tendency was still accentuated with the entry into force of the INDH which, for calendar 206-2010, planned a whole series of large building sites specific to the Moroccan Sahara. To return in Laâyoune for the first time for thirty years, it has been to fall from the moon. The city is unrecognizable. Small village deadened at the beginning of Spanish colonialism, it became a city electrified by the dynamism of its population. The tireless efforts, authorized by the Kingdom for the prosperity of the provinces of the South Kingdom, made this city, opened on the Atlantic, a true economic and social development pole. The prosperity of the Moroccan Sahara once ensured in an irreversible way, the granting of autonomy became realizable. It is what S.M. King Mohammed VI personally offered on her subjects of the Moroccan Sahara when, in a marked speech last on March 24 with Laâyoune, it proposed with wire provinces South “to urge a serene and thorough reflexion to see how they conceive the project of autonomy within the framework of the sovereignty of the Kingdom, of her national unit and her territorial integrity”. The large building sites launched in the most moved back zones of the Saharan provinces reflect the will of Morocco all to implement to ensure the good being and the peace of our compatriots sahraouis who suffered so a long time from the colonial domination. It is the State which has, of course, taken up the challenge, while building, in the middle of sands and under the most difficult conditions, all the infrastructures necessary to economic takeoff: roads, ports, airports, schools, hospitals and whole cities. The example of Boujdour is particularly striking. The city, become place chief of a structured area where 45.000 inhabitants live, grew around a port created of all parts. Emerging from the desert, Boujdour has, running on the coast, a superb cornice which constitutes strategic concerning future tourist investments. A plan of installation envisaged, in edge of beach, a hotel zone, second homes, restaurants and residential buildings. Boujdour was in the beginning a village of fishermen tightened around his headlight. Built by the Portuguese at the 18th century, it announces the city several away kilometers. Mohamed Fadel, one of the residents having profited from the project of allotment Al Wahda 2 is enough old not to have kept any nostalgia of a past retrospectively quite poor. “Laâyoune and Boujdour, say it, were only of small cores at the time of their recovery in 1975 thanks to glorious Green Marche” Mohammed Fadel underlines: “While calling upon national solidarity, the Moroccan State mobilized exceptional means to hoist the provinces of the South on the same level as the other areas of the Kingdom” The prosperity of the vastnesses of the Moroccan Sahara definitively ensured, it became possible to pass at the next stage. That of autonomy that, at the time of a historical visit with Laâyoune, S.M. King Mohammed VI personally came to offer to wire provinces south. While preserving the assets of the reunification, it is a question of organizing a policy of regionalization which will make it possible Sahraouis to manage themselves the local businesses. According to Abdellah Hafidi Sbaî, researcher, specialist in the Saharan questions and president of the world Alliance of notable of Blessed Sbaâ, “this widened regionalization is guaranteed by the Constitution. New geographical cutting will have to put a term at the preceding administrative system which divided are Saharan provinces in three entities, namely the area of Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia Al Hamra, the area of Eddahab-Lagouira Wadi and the Guelmim-Es Smara area. All these areas must be gathered in only one. They will then have autonomy for the decision-making, in particular in the financial field”. Thanks to the Royal initiative, the new building sites which were launched to the South should complete to transform the aspect of this area. It is indeed an envelope of some 2,6 billion dirhams which was allocated with these projects. They relate to a broad range of sectors: urban levelling, port, eradication of the unhealthy habitat, villages of fishing, roads, trade of proximity, craft industry… For better taking part in this socio-economic development, a collective of citizens was constituted to parallel to support the co-operative vocation the official institutions. In the area of Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia Al Hamra, it there A 24 co-operatives which operate in agriculture and the breeding. A dozen others exert in the craft industry. Gathering the craftsmen of this sector within a framework suitable to offer the best working conditions to them, they allow overall activities: embroidery, tapestry, jewellery, joinery or the tannery. As for the co-operative of Tarfaya, it is cavity specialized in fishing. For certain ends experts, the butter of the co-operative Halib Sakia Al Hamra de Laâyoune would be the best of Morocco. Useless to seek it beyond Tarfaya: the production of the small cooperative dairy is hardly enough to cover half of the needs for the area. But its 22 members, who exploit a very small irrigated perimeter of 210 ha, downstream from Laâyoune, are very satisfied with their standard of living.
Morocco recommends a broad autonomy within the framework of the sovereignty of the kingdom alaouite to solve the conflict of the Western Sahara, an old Spanish colony under control of Reduction since 1975. The Polisario Face, with the support of Algeria, asserts the independence of the territory by the means of a referendum of self-determination. “Morocco is releasing a consensual position on the autonomy of the provinces of the south, within the framework of the process of democratization of the national institutions”, declared the minister at the time of a meeting with the press with Laâyoune (capital of the Western Sahara) where king Mohammed VI has paid for Monday a five days visit. The autonomy of these provinces is “the maximum approach that Morocco can accept”, made a point of specifying Mr. Benabdallah, who stressed that this choice is “the only credible one”. “There is no other option which can bring quietude for the population of the area”, he affirmed, noting that this step constitutes “the only practicable option which can leave us the dead end”. An approach which associates the populations of the south It, in addition, specified that Morocco could develop an approach which can associate all “wire of Morocco, of which those which are in the camps of Tindouf”, in the west of Algeria. Mr. Benabdallah evoked the consultations in progress in Morocco about the autonomy of the provinces of the south the following which the Moroccan proposal will be submitted to the United Nations. The minister, moreover, considered to be “natural” that the populations of the provinces of the south are associated these consultations. “It is completely natural that this process takes account of the points of view of the populations of the provinces of the south, the political parties and all the components of the company”, he insisted, depending that “there is, within the populations of the south, a firm will to take part in these consultations”.